Interview Questions of JavaScript

Introduction: JavaScript is a very popular and powerful client-side scripting language, which are used by every developer. Initially, the motto to implement it was to make dynamic pages and web components but now the day is used in a wide area of software development on the client-side and on the server-side where the JavaScript Engine is available.

Some of the few frequently asked questions come from an interview

1. What is a higher-order function in JavaScript?

In JavaScript, the higher-order function is a kind of function that can accept another function as an argument

or returns a function as a return value or both, just like the delegates in .net.

const varfirstOrderFunction = () => console.log ('HI!! this is first order');

const varHigherOrderFunction = ReturnFirstOrderFunction => ReturnFirstOrderFunction();

varHigherOrderFunction(varfirstOrderFunction);

2. What is Immediately Invoked Function Expression(IIFE) in JavaScript?

It is a JavaScript function Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE) that runs as soon as it is defined.

the way of writing, the signature of it would be as below,

(function () {

      // write some code

    } )();

The primary reason to use an Immediately Invoked Function Expression is to obtain data privacy because any variables declared within the Immediately Invoked Function Expression cannot be accessed by the outside world.

If you try to access variables with IIFE then it throws an error as below,

(function () {

         var objMessage = "Immediately Invoked Function Expression";

          console.log(objMessage);

        } )();

console.log(objMessage);

3. What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript

Both are the operators and used for the comparison of two values

whereas == is used two compare the only value of the variable but === is used to compare value and type of variable.

4. How to create an object in JavaScript?

There are several ways to create objects in JavaScript, some of the few we can see here.

1. Object Constructor: var myObject = new Object()

2. Object Create: var myObjectCreate = Object.create(null)

3. Object literal: var myObjectLitteral = {}

4. Functional Constructor:

function FunctionalConstructor(name) = { this.name = name,

this.age = 28}

var myObject = new FunctionalConstructor("Vishal Thakur")

5. Prototype: 

function FunctionPrototype(){}

FunctionPrototype.prototype.name = "Vishal Thakur"

var myObject = new FunctionPrototype();

6. ES6 Class:

class MyClassInitialize{

   constructor(FullName) {

      this.FullName = FullName

   }

}

var myObject = new MyClassInitialize("Vishal Thakur");

7. Singleton:

var mySingletonObject = new function(){

   this.fullName = "Vishal Thakur";

}

5. What is the Prototype in JavaScript?

The prototype is a technique by that JavaScript inherit the feature of one another. it is a very large area and how it is going to work to understand, need to understand the Prototype chain.

6. What is the splice method in JavaScript?

The splice method is used to remove or delete the index value from the existing array.

Splice is modified to the existing array and return the deleted array.

let firstArray= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

let firstVariable= firstArray.splice(0,2); // returns [1, 2]; original array: [3, 4, 5]

7. What is the call() function in JavaScript?

The Call function is used to Invoke the method which is used with different objects. it invokes objects one by one as seperate object using this value.

var objectOfEmployee1 = {fName: 'Vishal', lName: 'Thakur'};

var objectOfEmployee2 = {fName: 'Johny', lName: 'Cruse'};

function Invoker(obj1, obj2) {

    console.log(obj1 + ' ' + this.fName + ' ' + this.lName+ ', '+ obj2);

}

Invoker.call(objectOfEmployee1, 'Good Day!!', 'How are you?'); // Good Day!! Vishal Thakur, How are you?

Invoker.call(objectOfEmployee2, 'Good Day!!', 'How are you?'); // Good Day!! Johny Cruse, How are you?

8. What is apply() function is used?

The apply() method is similar to the call() method, only the difference is to apply() takes arguments in an array, whereas call() takes it in separate arguments

const personalInfo = {

  name: function(mobile, address) {

    return this.fName + " " + this.lName + "," + mobile + "," + address;

  }

}

const employee = {

  fName:"Vishal",

  lName: "Thakur"

}

personalInfo.name.apply(employee, ["1234567890", "Indore India"]);//'Vishal Thakur,1234567890,Indore India'

9. What is the bind() method used for?

bind() method is used to pass n-number of arguments, it will return a new function, it differs from the apply() and call()

var firstEmployeeDetails = {fullName: 'Vishal Thakur', mobile: '1234567890'};

var secondEmployeeDetails = {fullName: 'Avtrit Thakur', mobile: '0912345689'};

function invoker(obj1, obj2) {

    console.log(obj1 + ' ' + this.fullName + ' ,' + this.mobile+ ', '+ obj2);

}

var varDetailsEmployee1 = invoker.bind(firstEmployeeDetails);

var varDetailsEmployee2 = invoker.bind(secondEmployeeDetails);

varDetailsEmployee1('Hello', 'Hop you are doing great!!'); // Hello Vishal Thakur ,1234567890, Hop you are doing great!!

varDetailsEmployee2('Hi', 'Have a great day!!'); //Hi Avtrit Thakur ,0912345689, Have a great day!!

10. What is the Splice() and Slice() method used in JavaScript?

the difference between both methods are below

11. What is the arrow function or lambda function in modern JavaScript?

The arrow function or lambda function is the new way of writing the code, it comes after the new standard applied from ES6, the main advantage of the arrow function is to make the code syntax shorter and create the function expression

public myFunction = () => {

        //do some line of code here

}

12. What is Hoisting in JavaScript?

The term Hoisting is used to declare the function and variable at the top of the code above its scope before the code execution

JavaScript only used declaration and skip the initialization at the top

let's take an example:

var objectMessage;

console.log(objectMessage);

objectMessage = 'The Message variable has been hoisted at the top';

13. What do we understand by a term service worker in JavaScript?

The concept of the service worker is a service that is running in the background and completely separate from web pages and apps,

14. What is web storage in JavaScript?

Web Storage is the technique used to store the information into the client web browser, it can store info in key/value pairs.

it has two types

Local Storage Techniques: It stores the data with no expiration validation and is stored for a number of months or years.

Session Storage Techniques: this technique uses to store the data for one session and data will be lost if the browser or tab was closed.

15. How many parts are in JavaScript?

JavaScript consists of 3 main parts

1. ECMAScript

2. JavaScript Engine

3. JavaScript Runtime

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