Interview Questions of SPFx SharePoint

SPFx Interview Questions and Scenarios

By Vishal Thakur

What is SPFx?

The SharePoint Framework (SPFx) is a web part model that provides full support for client-side SharePoint development. It integrates seamlessly with SharePoint data and extends Microsoft Teams. SPFx allows developers to use modern web technologies and tools in their preferred development environment to build responsive and mobile-ready experiences.

Scenario-Based Questions

Scenario 1: External API Integration

Scenario: Your team is developing an SPFx web part that needs to retrieve data from an external API and display it on a SharePoint site. The API requires authentication using OAuth 2.0. The web part should also allow users to refresh the data manually.

Question: How would you approach implementing this functionality in an SPFx web part? Explain the steps you would take and the key components you would use.

Answer:

1. Step 1: Set up the project - Create a new SPFx project using the Yeoman generator and configure the project settings.
2. Step 2: Configure authentication - Register an application in Azure Active Directory (AAD) and configure permissions.
3. Step 3: Implement data retrieval - Use Axios or SPHttpClient to make authenticated API requests and handle OAuth 2.0 authentication.
4. Step 4: Build the web part UI - Create a React or Angular component to display the data and add a refresh button.
5. Step 5: Deploy and test - Package and deploy the solution to SharePoint, then test the functionality.

Scenario 2: SPFx vs Traditional Development Models

Question: What are the key differences between SharePoint Framework (SPFx) and traditional SharePoint development models like farm solutions or sandboxed solutions?

Answer:

• SPFx is a client-side development model, while traditional models rely on server-side code.
• SPFx runs entirely in the browser and does not impact SharePoint server performance.
• SPFx leverages modern web development tools and frameworks like React and Angular.

Scenario 3: Custom Field Rendering

Question: How would you implement custom field rendering in SharePoint Framework (SPFx)?

Answer:

1. Create an SPFx field customizer extension.
2. Implement methods like onInit(), onRenderCell(), and onDispose().
3. Define the field types to customize in the manifest file.
4. Write custom rendering logic to display the field value.
5. Deploy the extension and attach it to the desired list or library.

Scenario 4: External Data Sources

Question: How can you leverage SPFx to interact with external data sources, such as REST APIs?

Answer:

• Use SPHttpClient or third-party libraries like Axios to make HTTP requests.
• Implement OAuth 2.0 or Azure AD app-only permissions for authentication.
• Use React or Angular to display the retrieved data.
• Implement pagination, filtering, and caching for better performance.

Scenario 5: State Management

Question: How can you handle state management in SPFx web parts?

Answer:

• React Context API: Centralized state management for shared state.
• Redux or Flux: For complex state management scenarios.
• Local Component State: For simple, component-specific state.
• URL Parameters: Store state in the URL for dynamic experiences.

Scenario 6: Localization

Question: How can you implement localization in SPFx web parts?

Answer:

1. Create resource files (.resx) for each supported language.
2. Load the appropriate resource file based on the user's language.
3. Use libraries like react-i18next for localization logic.
4. Update the UI to display localized strings.
5. Test and deploy the solution.

Scenario 7: Unit Testing

Question: How can you implement unit testing for SPFx web parts?

Answer:

1. Set up the testing environment with Jest or Mocha.
2. Write unit tests for components and utility functions.
3. Mock external dependencies like SharePoint libraries.
4. Run tests and evaluate results.
5. Automate testing using CI/CD pipelines.

Other Commonly Asked Questions

1. How to add an SPFx web part to a full-width column?

Answer: Set "supportsFullBleed": true in the component's manifest file.

2. What is Gulp?

Answer: Gulp is an open-source JavaScript toolkit used for automating tasks like minification, concatenation, and unit testing in SPFx projects.

3. What is package.json in SPFx?

Answer: The package.json file records the package version number and dependencies for an SPFx project.

4. What is the node_modules folder?

Answer: The node_modules folder stores all packages and dependencies for an SPFx project.

5. What is the local workbench in SharePoint?

Answer: The local workbench allows developers to test SPFx web parts in a local environment before deploying them to SharePoint.

6. Can you provision a list through an SPFx solution?

Answer: Yes, you can provision a list using predefined steps in SPFx.

7. What is the manifest file in SPFx?

Answer: The manifest file contains metadata about the SPFx solution and its components.

8. How can you make an SPFx app available to specific site collections?

Answer: Uncheck the "Make this solution available to all sites" option during deployment.

9. Can you add an Apply button to the property panel?

Answer: Yes, by adding custom code to the property panel.

10. Can you hide/show property panel controls?

Answer: Yes, by implementing conditional logic in the main TS file.

11. Can you deploy SPFx on a specific site collection?

Answer: Yes, by creating a site collection-level app catalog.

12. How do you resolve versioning issues in SPFx?

Answer: Replace the version of the existing solution with a supported one.

13. Can you change the component name after creation?

Answer: Yes, by updating the title field in the component's manifest file.

14. How do you change the default icon of a component?

Answer: Update the OfficeFabricIconFontName property in the manifest file.

15. How do you change the package name of an SPFx solution?

Answer: Update the ZippedPackage file name in the package-solution.json file.

16. What is the role of the constructor in a class?

Answer: The constructor initializes data members and dependencies in a class.

17. What is the super keyword used for?

Answer: The super keyword references the parent class object.

18. What is the use of the OnInit method?

Answer: The OnInit method initializes the page and sets up required steps for creating the page instance.

19. How do two components communicate in SPFx?

Answer: Components can communicate using props/context (parent to child) or callback functions (child to parent).

20. What is the advantage of Fluent UI?

Answer: Fluent UI provides a rich user experience and integrates well with React in SPFx development.

21. Can you use Angular in SPFx?

Answer: Yes, but it requires manual setup as Angular is no longer a default option in SPFx.

Conclusion

SPFx is a powerful framework for building modern SharePoint solutions. By understanding these scenarios and questions, you can confidently tackle SPFx development challenges and excel in interviews. I hope this guide helps you. Please share your feedback so that I can improve my blogs. Thank you! :)

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